European and international Standards
EN 14917*
Metal bellows expansion joints for pressure applications (2009+A1:2012)
This harmonised European Standard specifies the requirements for design, manufacture and installation of metal bellows expansion joints for pressure applications, i.e. maximum allowable pressure greater than 0,5 bar.
Requirements are given for calculation and design of single and multi-ply expansion bellows which may be unreinforced, reinforced or toroidal. They may be subject to internal or external pressure and axial, lateral or angular displacement. Suitable materials and their physical properties are listed.
In addition, information is given on the proper selection and installation of expansion joints in piping and pressure vessel application.
EN 13445-3
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 3: Design (2014/A8:2019)
Part 3 of this harmonised European Standard specifies requirements for the design of unfired pressure vessels covered by EN 13445-1 and constructed of steels in accordance with EN 13445-2. Additional requirements are given for metal bellows expansion joints.
EN 13480-3
Metallic industrial piping. Part 3: Design and calculation (2017)
This part of the European Standard specifies the design and calculation of industrial metallic piping systems, including supports. Additional requirements are given for metal bellows expansion joints (reference to EN 14917).
EN 1736
Refrigerating systems and heat pumps. Flexible pipe elements, vibration isolators, expansion joints and non-metallic tubes - Requirements, design and installation (2008)
This European Standard describes requirements for design and installation of flexible pipe elements.
ASME B31.3
Process Piping
Appendix X Expansion Joints
The standard specifies requirements for materials, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection, and testing of piping.
Appendix X applies to bellows expansion joints giving requirements for design, manufacturing, and installation of bellows expansion joints.
ASME BPVC, Section VIII
Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
Division 1, Appendix 26 Bellows Expansion Joints
This division of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code provides requirements applicable to the design, fabrication, inspection, testing and certification of pressure vessels operating at either internal or external pressures exceeding 15 psig. Such pressure vessels may be fired or unfired.
Appendix 26 applies to metal bellows expansion joints giving requirements for design, fabrication, examination and testing.
EJMA
Standard of the Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association, 10th Edition (Errata 2016)
The EJMA Standards apply to metallic bellows expansion joints for piping and pressure equipment. It covers calculation and design of circular and rectangular bellows expansion joints with single or multi-ply bellows that may be unreinforced, reinforced or toroidal. They may be subject to internal or external pressure and axial, lateral or angular displacement.
National Standards
AD 2000 / Merkblatt B 13 (Germany)
Single ply bellows expansion joints (2012)
Technical rules for pressure equipment
Calculation basis is given for stresses, spring rates, stability and fatigue cycles of bellows subjected to pressure, temperature, axial, angular or lateral movements.
DIN 30681 (Germany)
Compensators for gas-installations - Expansion joints with stainless steel bellows unit - Safety requirements, testing, marking (2013)
This German Standard describes requirements and testing of non-buried expansion joints with stainless steel bellows up to DN 500 and MOP 16 bar, which are used with gases according to DVGW Arbeitsblatt G 260.
DIN 85031 (Germany)
Ships and marine technology - Steel expansion joints (2014)
This German Standard specifies design, marking, storage, transport, installation, operation and maintenance of steel expansion joints used in piping systems of ships.
* recommended by AEQ